Forklifts powered by internal combustion engines introduce potential carbon monoxide poisoning risks if they’re used indoors without adequate ventilation. Below, we cover why carbon monoxide is a threat, how to use forklifts safely indoors and which types of forklifts are best for indoor use.
What is Carbon Monoxide and Why is it Dangerous?
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic, odourless, colourless gas that gets produced any time someone burns carbon-based fuels, like coal, gasoline, diesel and natural gas. When it comes to forklifts, the following types produce carbon monoxide:
- Propane-powered forklifts – Carbon monoxide is a byproduct of propane combustion.
- Natural gas forklifts – Produce carbon monoxide from burning natural gas.
- Diesel forklifts – Generate carbon monoxide in diesel engine exhaust.
Though non-irritating and undetectable, carbon monoxide binds to your red blood cells when inhaled, blocking the cells’ oxygen absorption capabilities. Exposure to elevated CO levels leads to poisoning with symptoms like:
- Headaches, dizziness, nausea and fatigue at lower concentrations.
- Impaired mental state, confusion and collapse at moderate levels.
- Coma, seizure, respiratory arrest and death if exposure is prolonged.
Carbon monoxide from forklift tailpipe emissions or propane exhausts can quickly accumulate to dangerous levels in confined, poorly ventilated indoor spaces.
What are Safe Usage Practices for Forklifts Indoors?
Operating propane, diesel, and natural gas forklifts indoors safely involves a two-pronged approach: diluting and removing carbon monoxide exhaust. This ensures that concentrations never reach dangerous levels.
- Maximise ventilation – Steer clear of poorly ventilated rooms like basements, where carbon monoxide can rapidly concentrate. Instead, use exhaust fans, open doors, and natural drafts to increase air changes per hour, diluting carbon monoxide effectively.
- Install carbon monoxide detectors – Strategically place detectors to monitor carbon monoxide buildup and sound alarms if levels exceed safe limits.
- Scheduling – Whenever possible, plan and cluster forklift tasks requiring intensive operation outdoors to minimise indoor runtime.
- Regular servicing – Ensure regular maintenance of forklift engines, paying particular attention to exhaust systems. This minimises particulate matter and carbon monoxide emissions at the source.
- Exhaust positioning – Direct exhaust fumes outside the building through ducting or position them away from operators using strategically angled stacks. This prevents CO re-circulation and protects worker health.
What are the Best Forklift Options for Indoor Use?
While the above measures facilitate safe indoor operation, it’s preferable to eliminate carbon monoxide emissions entirely. The optimal forklift types for indoor use include:
- Electric forklifts – These produce zero emissions. Plus, their battery-powered electrics reduce noise levels, making these forklifts ideal for indoor use.
- Fuel cell forklifts – Using hydrogen fuel to generate electricity, these forklifts emit only water vapour.
- Overhead tethered electrics – Powered by cables from ceiling busbars, you no longer need battery changes.
- Low-speed walkies – Lower horsepower translates to reduced emissions, making walkies a suitable choice for smaller indoor tasks.
When is it Unsafe to Use Non-Electric Forklifts Indoors?
In certain situations, the carbon monoxide emitted from internal combustion forklifts is hazardous enough that you should avoid using them in these situations:
- Confined spaces like basements and rooms with poor ventilation trap harmful carbon monoxide
- When carbon monoxide detectors alert you to levels approaching exposure limits
- In facilities where the air conditioning recirculates indoor air instead of bringing in fresh air.
- If you can’t direct exhaust fumes outside and away from workers’ breathing zones.
- During scheduled indoor fire sprinkler system testing that releases carbon monoxide residual from pipes.
- In freezer rooms where exhaust fumes can displace oxygenated air.
If your indoor environment limits ventilation, air exchange, or CO dilution, err on the side of caution and opt for electric forklifts. Consulting a professional industrial hygienist can provide further guidance for your specific needs.
Mitigate Carbon Monoxide Threats With TAG Forklifts
Carbon monoxide must be controlled indoors via ventilation, limited operation, exhaust direction and regular monitoring to prevent dangerous exposure when operating propane, natural gas and diesel forklifts. Electric forklifts present the optimal zero emission choice for indoor material handling to eliminate risks entirely.
Contact the forklift specialists at TAG Forklifts on 0161 848 0555 to discuss the best equipment options for your workplace.
